AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

03/02/2025

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Definition:

A progressive degenerative disease affecting the macula, leading to central vision loss. AMD is classified into dry (non-exudative) and wet (exudative) forms.

Risk Factors:

  • Age > 50 years
  • Smoking
  • Family history
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • High-fat diet
  • UV exposure

Clinical Features:

  • Dry AMD: Gradual central vision loss, drusen formation, pigmentary changes
  • Wet AMD: Rapid vision loss, neovascularization, hemorrhages, exudates
  • Symptoms: Metamorphopsia (distorted vision), difficulty reading, scotomas

Management:

  • Dry AMD: Lifestyle modification (smoking cessation, AREDS supplements)
  • Wet AMD: Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (e.g., Ranibizumab, Aflibercept)

Author: Dr Johann Panthakey (5 mins read)

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